Monday, December 30, 2019

Homosexuality As A Mental Disorder - 1325 Words

Throughout history, there have been accounts of people being persecuted for many reasons; race, religion, political affiliations, and sexual orientation. In the United States, and many other nations across the globe, there have been hundreds of thousands of people victimized for being homosexual. Due to differing standpoints, homosexuality is seen as â€Å"immoral† or â€Å"sinful† or even â€Å"disgusting†. Up until 1973, homosexuality was also referred to as a mental disorder by the American Psychiatric Association. People could be openly criticized, mocked, and often killed for simply being gay. Because of these social and religious criticisms, many people have been forced to partake in â€Å"conversion† or â€Å"reparative† therapies in order to become†¦show more content†¦This proves that there is a higher risk of destructive behavior and victimization among the LGBT community. But why are these destructive behaviors present? Dr. Micha el Benibgui, PhD, notes in his dissertation that, â€Å"if early experiences regarding the LGB community are negative, they may arouse internalized homophobia and self-devaluation† (18). As an effect of these attitudes toward the LGBT community, these â€Å"self-devaluating† feelings are exposed. Because these feelings of self-hatred and the attitudes from others toward the LGBT community are so strong, many people are put into â€Å"reparative† therapies in order to â€Å"cure† them from their condition of homosexuality. The majority of therapies that people go through are extremely unpleasant and the American Psychological Association states, â€Å"there have been no scientifically adequate research to show that therapy aimed at changing sexual orientation is safe or effective.† (Sutton 11). However, many institutions still partake in these controversial therapies. The means by which certain people are treated is inhumane, and can worsen the ideo logy of inferiority and self-devaluation. While some therapies seem pleasant, such as prayer and meditation, some of the most controversial means of therapy include Prostitution, Hypnosis, Exorcism, Fetal Intervention, Electroconvulsive Therapy, and Genital Mutilation. None of the aforementioned therapy methods are without harm. TheseShow MoreRelatedIs Homosexuality A Mental Disorder?1500 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality has been one of the most controversial subjects around the world for thousands of years. Being a homosexual has been seen as taboo, morally wrong, and just abnormal. Scientists have questioned the mental health status of those who proclaim themselves as being homosexual, and have even gone as far to say that homosexuality is a mental disorder. Until 1974, being homosexual was deemed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a mental illness, and classifiedRead Morehomosexuality: a mental disorder?4366 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ HOMOSEXUALITY: A MENTAL DISORDER? A Term Paper Presented to Trexie O. Alawi College of Arts and Sciences SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY Tandag City, Surigao del Sur In Partial Fulfilment Of the Requirements of the Course English 102 (Writing in the Discipline): TTH 7:30 – 9:00 a.m. 2nd Semester, AY 2013-2014 By Bruce Franklyn G. Aliguay February 2014 Homosexuality: a mental disorder? Thesis Statement: People shouldRead MoreHomosexuality As A Mental Disorder Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the twenty-first century, homosexuality was viewed as a mental disorder that required treatment. Both counseling and aversion therapy were exercised in attempts to â€Å"cure† individuals of their sexuality. The brutal process consisted of shock therapies, lobotomies, castrations, and drugs (Scot, 2013). A device that was commonly used was the Farrall Instrument, which functioned by showing an individual of the same sex and delivering a shock until a button was pressed to deliver another slideRead MoreWhy There Is Conflict Over The Dsm 51432 Words   |  6 PagesDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders. (DSM) The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as praise since it has been used. It was first published in 1952 there have been five revisi ons, gradually including more mental health disorders some has been removed and are no longer considered to be mental health disorders, and the most notably being homosexuality. (DSM-11) There are manyRead MoreHomosexuality Is Not a Psychological Disorder Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuality is not a psychological disorder†¦ In the past, homosexuality was considered to be a psychological disorder, up until the APA removed it from its list of mental illnesses. This was due to the fact that homosexuality causes no form of impairment on the individual’s judgment, stability, reliability, or general social and or vocational abilities. This decision made over 30 years ago, has caused a lot of criticism, many believe that the APA’s decision was made due to the amount of influenceRead MoreThe Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1589 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper goes over several topics all of which are related to the mind and what is or is not perceived as a mental disorder. There are many different types of approaches to personality. Understanding each approach and how it compares to the others will help understand how one develops their personality. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is in its fifth edition. Had the original manual never been updated, there would be many individuals who are misdiagnosed. AsRead MoreHomosexuality As A Psychological Disorder1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe social argument for homosexuality dates back to the ancient Greeks. Aristophanes, in his Symposium investigates homosexuality, although not termed as such, as a desire by men to share a long-term fulfillment of the soul. He believed that two souls are longing to be together, and the sexual desire alone is not strong enough to create homosexuality, but that the cultural environment allows or forbids the relationship to occur (Heffner, 2003). The debate about homosexuality dates back further thanRead MoreMental Health And The Lgbt Community1665 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies on mental health in the LGBT community. With more people being open about their sexual orientation, the LGBT community has become a bigger target for those individuals who create difference between groups to justify discrimination of a particular group. The discriminatio n towards the LGBT community has caused problems for individuals in the community, mental health being among the biggest problem. Studies have shown that the discrimination of LGBT individuals can affect mental health. NotRead MoreThe Diagnostic Statistical Manual For Mental Health823 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mental health field. The DSM was created to assist clinicians in diagnosing and recognizing mental illness in their clients. It has been used for over six decades and there are a total of five editions. Each edition has some updated and new information that wasn’t included in the last edition. The reason for the changes in the DSM is because the mental health field is always evolving. There’s new information that’s discovered from research and is implemented into the next DSM. All mental healthRead MoreThe Psychology Of Sexual Orientations934 Words   |  4 PagesAnd with these terms came huge stigma that still exists today. There are many different sexual orientations that people identify as (including heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, as well as many others); the orien tations that do not coincide with what people viewed as normal were originally given classification as mental disorders. The most common sexual orientation, regardless of culture, is heterosexuality. This is defined as a sexual orientation in which an individual is generally sexually

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Importance Of Mental Health Education - 1201 Words

Methods Population and setting The University College Cork (UCC) Social Research Ethics Committee (SREC) approved the study early in 2017. Participants included those from a selected third-level education setting. All participants invited to partake in the research were informed of their right to withdraw from the proceedings at any stage. Each individual, all of whom were pre-service student teacher educators were supplied with an information sheet, and a written consent was provided prior to the completion of the questionnaire. A clustered, convenience sample (based on the proximity and accessibility to the research team) of pre-service student teacher educators were invited to participate. Of the 160 students invited an 82% response†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the BRS has been used in the context of a university in previous studies, and proven to be a valid and reliable instrument when examining resilience levels among college students (Amat, Subhan, Jaafar, Mahmud, Johari, 2014; (Lai Yue, 2014). These tests were completed independantly by each of the participants. Measurement scales used in this study (1) The WHO-Five Wellbeing Index (WHO- 5) (WHO, 1998) was developed at the Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, and Hillerod, Denmark. This measurement scale has been validated as both a screening tool for clinicians, and as a method to assess wellbeing in research studies over time (Topp, Østergaard, Sà ¸ndergaard, Bech, 2015). It is a reliable instrument, demonstrative of good test-retest reliability, and can assess all age group cohort. It is culturally translatable, and can be used across diverse fields of practice and research (De Wit et al., 2007; Wu, 2014; Saipanish, Lotrakul, Sumrithe, 2009). This positively worded questionnaire comprises of a five item rating on a 6-point Likert scale from 0 (= not present) to 5 (= constantly present). The raw score is calculated by totalling the figures of the five answers, and a percentage ranging from 0 to 100 is obtained by multiplying the raw score by 4. The lower the total score is, the more likely the person is to be experiencing poor healthShow MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Mental Illness1182 Words   |  5 Pagesstealth bomber in warfare. This phrase could also be applied to mental illness, as many illnesses such as anorexia have frighteningly high mortality rates but often go undetected or undiagnosed for extended periods of time. In addition to their danger, mental illnesses are widespread, with 21.4% of youth experiencing a severe mental disorder at some point during their life (National Alliance of Mental Illness, 2016). The prevalence of mental illness has raised questions of how better to provide healthcareRead MoreSuicide Risk Assessment1204 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Using the search strategy, numerous articles were identified as relevant to the search topics. Major search topics for this study included suicide assessment and nursing students, nurses and suicide education, and nursing students and mental health simulation. The databases frequently accessed included PubMed, Proquest, EBSCOhost Medline, and Elsevier Science Direct. Search filters included the years 2000-2017. After scanning the abstracts for further applicability, seventeen studiesRead MoreLiterature Review On Suicide1183 Words   |  5 PagesPubMed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦., from the years 2000 to 2017. Overall, most the articles obtained are level III evidence and are related to suicide, nursing education and simulation. Suicide Risk and Healthcare Healthcare providers are first line in the prevention of suicide. The Joint Commission has identified suicide a National Patient Safety Goal for 2017, reporting on the importance of identifying patients who are at risk for suicide (Joint Commission, 2017). Of individuals who completed suicide, forty-five percentRead MoreDoes Physical Activity Affect Scholastic Performance? Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pageslifestyle, many schools tend to disregard the importance of physical education. Physical activity is beneficial in many different aspects of health, like mental health. Physical activity is important for more than a person’s physical health, it also influences their different behaviors. Young kids need physical activity ingrained into their everyday lifestyle in order to normally function because it is so essential to other aspects of a human being. Other than health, physical activity improves kids’ academicsRead MoreCanada Welcomes An Ethno Cultural Diversity And Fo llows The International Mandate1260 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2012, Canada received approximately 23,000 refugees and their families (Statistics Canada, 2012). Canada welcomes an ethno cultural diversity and follows the international mandate to ensure safety, stability and accessibility to health services for refugees. The refugees come from different countries, which are socioeconomically unstable, and they are in search of stability and a better destiny. Canada is recognized as one of the most developed countries in the world, it is undeniable that theRead MoreThe Differences Between Mental Health And Mental Illness Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesThis research paper contains information on the importance of education and understanding of the differences between mental health and mental illness. Education is essential to our country, workplace and schools; we can learn from one another, but first we must have an understanding about ourselves as individuals. Social Workers bring uni que knowledge and skills to the table and are instrumental in furthering the profession. Education to outside cultures and social groups can help social workersRead MoreThe Importance Of Communication In Foreign Language Students1686 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage strategies and culture strategies did the participants report using to cope with studying abroad, (Ma, 2014, pg. 110). Throughout the research, Ma and her colleagues gathered college undergrad students and who majored in English language education. The participants were 10 students in their third year of college from Hong Kong who are never been exposed to the English culture before the English as a second language program. The focus was aimed to measure language and cultural strategy usesRead MorePhysical Education : The Forgotten Nation Essay809 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical Education: The Forgotten Nation Across the nation, fundamental subjects such as mathematics, science, and history are mandatory in the education system starting from the elementary level. These subjects are taught in aiding students’ understanding about the world they live in. However, subjects particularly physical education is viewed as unnecessary. Physical education is unquestionably required as it creates well prepared students ready to face the future. In order to achieve this, administratorsRead MorePhysical Activities And Physical Education826 Words   |  4 Pageshistory are mandatory in the education system starting from the elementary level. These subjects are taught in aiding students understanding about the world they live in. However, subjects instructed in schools, particularly physical education is viewed as unnecessary. Physical education is unquestionably required in order to create well prepared students ready to face the working field in the future. In order to achieve this, administrat ors must stress the importance of physical activity within theRead MorePrinciples of Mental Health1258 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: FOR A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING Principles of Mental Health The World Health Organization (2012) defines mental health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. WHO establishes the connection of mental health to the promotion of mental well-being, the prevention of mental disorders and the treatment of mental disorders and the rehabilitation of those afflicted with these disorders (WHO). The Council for Accreditation of Counseling

Friday, December 13, 2019

Cross culture awareness for managers Free Essays

Introduction â€Å"A Fish only discovers its need for water when it is no longer in it. Our own culture is like water to a fish. It sustains us. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross culture awareness for managers or any similar topic only for you Order Now We live and breathe through it. What one may regard as essential, a certain level of material wealth for example, may not be so vital to other cultures.† (Trompenaars et al, 1999, p.20) To put it in simple term, culture is inclusive of the information, principles and awareness of the society. Demonstrate the different method of people who lives in various environments. With a wide range of approach in which cultural ideas are carried out. According to Ziauddin Sardar their features are as follows: Their aim is to carry out subjective study of cultural practices and how they are associated to control. It includes culture as both the object of study and the locations of political criticism and action. They are devoted to an ethical valuation of society and to political action (Olivier Serrat, 2008). â€Å"A value is a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means and ends of actions.† Values are feelings with arrows to them,i.e. it has a plus and minus pole. Hofstede, G (2003) A culture is adjusted in the direction of history and the future is the repetition of the history. Culture primarily directed to the present does not involve past or future. individuals are directly relate it with demands of everyday life. (Provenmodel, 2005) Past events of culture does not affect the future prospects of culture. Efficientway of interacting with the people in other countries, we should look into its deep roots on different cultures as per Geert Hofstede. Well understanding and its implication, the data will reduce concern and frustration. Apart from the Geert Hofstede will give you ‘edge of understanding’ which convert to more flourishing results. Below mentioned are the five dimensions: (Luciara N and Richard S, 2009) Power distance: It is true to say that the less developed and low powerful associates believe that power is dispersed unequally. (Provenmodel, 2005) Individualism: The true face of nature is that the people in the society are selfish, i.e. they are concerned for themselves and the family members only. (Provenmodel, 2005) Masculinity: The leading communal values are success, money, and things. (Provenmodel, 2005) Uncertainty avoidance: Nature is place where uncertainty happens, so the individuals living in that society are feared by the unhappening scenarios and feels that it is wise to avoid such scenarios. (Provenmodel, 2005) Long Term Orientation: It represents the values like economy, determination, and conventional value of social obligations. (Provenmodel, 2005) Trompenaar and Hampden –Turner gathered data over 10 years using a process that relied on generous respondents , predicament or distinct tendencies. Here the problem consisted of two options which are mentioned as follow:- (Anonymous , N.D. ) Universalism vs. Particularism: Universalism is the ideas/practices which can be applied everywhere, high universalism countries and these are close adhere to business contracts while particularism are those circumstances which dictate how ideas/practices apply; high particularism countries often modify contracts. (Provenmodel, 2005) Individualism vs. Communitarianism: In Individualism, people as individuals and countries with high individualism are included, and are stress personal and individual matters which assumes great personal responsibility. On the other hand, in communitarianism public look upon selves as part of group and value group-related issues and take committee decisions for which they are joint responsibility. (Provenmodel, 2005) Neutral vs. Emotional: Neutral: culture in which emotions not shown. In high neutral countries, people maintain serenity. While in emotional, emotions are shown in open and they act as they are, i.e. they don’t behave in different way, they behave naturally. (Provenmodel, 2005) Specific vs. Diffuse: In Specific, huge public areas are used by many while small areas are looked after closely. In Diffuse, public and private areas are similar in size wherein public areas are guarded as it is common with the private areas. (Provenmodel, 2005) Achievement vs. Ascription: In Achievement culture, it doesn’t matter who does it, what matters is how is it done (job, performance, etc.) while Ascription culture is truly based on who does it and what is done. (Provenmodel, 2005) Time:- In simple way, it means the whether the role is done one by one or all the things are done together. Sequential means that the activity is conducted in a series or pattern wherein the line of performance is pre decided. Synchronous means all things are done together, i.e. multi tasking. The last method is present v/s future. (Provenmodel, 2005) The Environment: Inner-directed people believes in control of outcomes while Outer-directed people are opposite to them.(Provenmodel, 2005) Let us see the comparison between Hofstede and Trompenaars which are out of seven dimensions of Trompenaars, two are closely reflected in Hofstede’s dimensions. Also there is a practical similarity between their communitarians value orientation. Trompenaars and hofstede’s studies are not entirely similar, Hofstede’s power index is related to how the status is accorded and to the power distance that is acceptable with the society, while Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner has not discussed anything about power distance. Trompenaars achievement value orientation is related to Hofstede’s power distance index. Which shows that status is accorded not by achievement but by the nature, this gives greater acceptability to power distances. Trompenaars other dimensions seem to focus on the feelings, and the extent to which they are expressed. Thus it only focuses on the behavioural aspect, not on the value. Trompenaar’s universalism value orientation holds relationships above the rules, which appears to relate to hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance dimension and also to collectivist dimension to some extent. Trompenaars specific value orientation is not identical to any of the Hofstede’s dimensions. However, human time relationship and Hall’s polychromatic and monochromic time perceptions are quite similar to each other. There is also a similarity in their findings. For eg. according to them, india and japan are weak as far as individualism is concerned, on thte other hand UK, Denmark and USA are comparatively individualistic. According to Hogget’s and Luthans, the difference between the two studies is due to the difference in time frames in which they were conducted. Thus, Hofstede’s findings are becoming outdated. For eg. mexico’s step towards being global, can be taken as a moving away from its communitarian values. According to Trompenaars findings, communist countries that is Hungary, Russia and CrechRepublic are quite individualistic, with a communist past. According to Trompenaars, UK and the North America have egalitarian cultures, while, Spain and France are Hierarchical. As per Hofstede’s research spain and france are high when it comes to power distance as compared to UK and the North Ammerica. Trompnaars and Hofsdete hold different views about Germany. According to the former, Germany’s corporate culture is hierarchical, while the latter considers Germany as low in terms of power distance. Trompenaars research is extensive, he has examined corporate cultures in terms of nationality, for which he introduced another dimension named equality versus hierarchy. Now contrasting the two approaches of the Geert Hofstede , dutch expert and Fons trompenaars Charles Hampden-Turner. The findings and studies of Geert hofstede and Fons Trompenaars have been adopted by many businesses, for the purpose of understanding the differences in individual and organizational cultures across the globe. Other anthropologists, sociologist have grave misgivings and are important for analysis used by Hofstede. Hofstede’s 5 dimensions have a strange similarity to national character studies that were conducted in 1940’s and WW II on which intensive research was carried out by researchers, the research was spoilt and was not of any use because it was prone to bias and simply created sterotypes of other cultures. Hofstede and trompenaars work should not be associated with WW ii studies, except the fact that lessons learnt from the past should be remembered. In the current state of affairs, anthropologists might be uncomfortable in popping down the trap of understanding the culture to â€Å"5 dimensions of culture† which can be notched up. (Hassoun R, 2006) Similarly, Trompenaars and Turner have framed a seven dimensions model, which can be taken as varying from the idea of reducing cultural dimensions. Culture, as defined by most anthropologists is that which is adapted and passed to next generations and the structure through which the world is viewed cannot be condensed into a set of simplistic parameters. (Hassoun R, 2006) The Anthropological have looked into the model given by Hofstede and Trompenaars and Turner. But the point to be noted here is that in the anthropological technique concentrated on an overall knowledge of cultures and the sub-cultures. The problem could occur in anthropological approach which will be like raising cultural proficiency in a small guidance wherein the psychological pattern for understanding cultural complexity matters a lot and have significant affect on it. When the guidance which is provided gets completed, it takes bit more time to know the real competency which itself is also a as a procedure. It is very realistic to know that there is desperate need to be patient with good listening skills and open mindedness to grasp the knowledge of different culture which will then guide to know cultural competency. (Hassoun R, 2006) The personal features on the behaviour was not identified by both, Hofstede and Trompenaars. The dimensions of their theories has bifurcation on cultures but what they failed to know and provide guidance was that how to work with some specific cultures. Apart from this, no declaration could be placed ahead that the seven dimensions were the only one and the list was full. Authors such as including Ohmae (Borderless World) and Levitt (Globalisation of Markets) didn’t went ahead with the thing that there is need for different companies to admit there is no similarity in cultures of countries in which they operate (which was said by Trompenaars and Hofstede), rather they said that the world is one and is not filled with different cultures and different countries. (ProvenModel 2005) It is imperative for every manager that he has an understanding of the different cultures. Managers who are more successful their values seem to favour dynamic, pragmatic and achievement – oriented, along with this they believe in interacting with others. On the other hand, managers who are less successful have passive and static values; and are relatively inactive in interacting with others. Cultural competency is focuses on promoting self – confidence of individuals and the teams, this can be achieved through empowerment and by breaking down barriers. A person with interculturally effective skills has attributes which are discussed below:He has the skill of communicating with people of different cultures in a manner that earns them trust and respect.He has the ability to adapt his managerial and technical skills in a way that fits in well with the local constraints and the local conditions.He has the ability to change personally so that he has mental peace, is content and at ease in the mass culture References: Olivier serrat (2008) Cultural theory [Internet] Available from : [Accessed on 19th March 2011]. Hofstede, G. (1994) Uncommon Sense About Organisation 1st Edition USA. Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture[internet] Available from: http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/uploads/approved/adt-VVUT20080910.150544/public/04chapter3.pdf [Accessed on 19th March 2011]. Proven Model (2005). Seven dimensions of culture [Internet] Available from: [ Accessed on 19th March 2011] Ananymous , n.d. Home and Host Country determinants of International Bank Entry [internet] Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/43918450/Factors-Affecting-International-Bank-Entry[Accessed on 20th March 2011]. 6. Luciara N and Richard S, (2009).The cultural theory jungle:divergence and convergence in models of national culture. 1st editionCambridge ,Uk. Hassoun R, (2006) Intercultural/Cross-Cultural Training: Rejecting Hofstede and Trompenaars [internet] available from: http://www.goldfinchtraining.biz/hofstederejected.htmls [accessed on 19th march 2011]. Titre F (2005) Cultural dimensions and social behavior correlates:Individualism-Collectivism and Power Distance. Journal of cultural Dimensions 18(1) . Trompenaars et al (1999) (p.20)10. Hofstede, G (2003) Available from: Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. SAGE. (pp. 5,6) How to cite Cross culture awareness for managers, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Explores Essay Example For Students

Explores Essay jeofrey mondal 6-3-02do you know who Christopher Columbus and frediand Magellan are? Well they are every important people in history. Magellan found a way to travel around the world from the southern tip of south america. Columbus was the founder of North America, he found the land by mistake. Both these men were sailores that just wanted to do there job and gain fame. So as you can see these men are very important to history. Magellan was born on 1480 and he died on the year of 1521,he was born in Portuguese.he grew up to be spanish explorer and navigator, leader of the first expedition to sail completely around, the world. he wanted to reach the east indies by sailing west from the Europe. At the time that he lived everybody thought that the journey was impossible, so as a result he didnt get any support. he barely convinced the Spanish king to support him but at last he did. The king have him a 5 ships and 250 men to acompany him. on his journey he lost one of his ship and a lot o f his men, but he successfuly made his voyage and arrived at the spice island on the date of 9-9-1522. Columbus was born in 1451 and he died in 1506, he was born in Genao, Italy. His father was a weaver, and it is believed that Christopher started trading as a young boy. columbus set sail with 3 ships and a 90 men, he arrived at the Bahamas on october 12, 1942. He clamied the island property of Spain and named it San Salvador. for his first trip he stayed for a two months and returned home. Altogether he made 4 trips to the New found land. So as you can see both of these men are great people the has done a lot for there people. they each discovered a new place or route.